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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29677/MR.202406_4(1).00042024, 4(1), 37-55Marine Research of the National Academy of Marine ResearchISSN: 2709-6629 (Vol.4 Iss.1)GPN: 201120003337A Review of Passive Acoustics Monitoring Results in the Coastal Waters off Western Taiwan for the Past Decade1 Underwater Acoustic Laboratory, Department of Engineering Science and Ocean Engineering, NationalTaiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan2 Department of Systems Engineering and Naval Architecture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung,TaiwanKeywords: Underwater soundscape, passive acoustic monitoring (PAM), long-term monitoring, wind farm.* Corresponding author, E-mail: chifang@ntu.edu.tw Received 21 February 2024, Accepted 22 May 2024.Yin-Ying Fang 1 Chao-Jung Wu 1 Chih-Hao Wu 1 Wei-Chun Hu 1 Shashidhar Siddagangaiah 2 Li-Shuang Hsu 1 Bing-Hao Lu 1 Chieh-Wen Kuo 1Juei-Cheng Liu 1 Chi-Fang Chen 1*ABSTRACT The Taiwanese government has been actively promoting green energy development, particularly in the western region, focusing on areas such as Miaoli and Changhua, which are prime locations for offshore wind power projects. Comprehensive environmental impact assessments (EIAs), which include passive acoustic monitoring, are essential both before and during offshore wind farm development to mitigate auditory effects on marine organisms. This precaution is especially crucial due to the presence of the critically endangered Taiwanese humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis taiwanensis) in the western waters. This study reviews relevant literature on passive acoustic monitoring near wind farms in Miaoli and Changhua between 2013 and 2022 to elucidate the temporal and spatial variability of marine organisms, including fish and cetaceans, and the impacts on the underwater soundscape and ecosystems. The literature review unveils how dolphins' respond to vessel transits, reducing their call rates and simplifying frequency patterns during ship construction. Long-term passive acoustic data analysis highlights heightened fish call activity in Miaoli and Changhua wind farm areas during sea surface temperature rises and new moon phases. These extensive passive monitoring initiatives not only foster harmonious coexistence of offshore wind farm development and underwater ecosystems, but also inform the formulation of precise regulatory frameworks, ecological conservation measures, and technical recommendations for future endeavors.